June 1 2011 - Functional Groups

Organic compounds do not have to contain only C and H.  They can contain other elements such as F, Cl and Br.


Halides
A halide is a binary compound, where one part is a halogen atom and the other part is an element, to make it a fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide, or astatidee compound.  These are insoluble in water.  Compounds that contain fluoride become unreactive.  Compounds that contain CL or Br are mroe reactive but under certain conditions.  Compounds that contain I are very reactive.


Nitro Compounds
Nitro compounds are organic compounds that contain one or more nitro functional groups. They are often highly explosive especially when the compound contains more than one nitro group and is impure.  They are insoluble in water and are unreactive to chemical attacks, except under certain conditions.  


Alcohols
An alcohol is any compound with an OH group (alcohol group) attached to single bonded hydrocarbons (alkanes).  They OH in the alcohol makes this compound soluble in water, but the hydrocarbon chain is still insoluble.  All alcohols are poisonous, even the alcohol you drink.

Some compounds may have more than one -OH group.  If the ydo, number both and add -diol for 2 and -triol for 3 at the end.  


Aldehydes
An aldehyde is an organic compound containing a formyl group.  This functional group, with the structure         R-CHO, consists of a carbonyl center bonded to a hydrogen and an R group.  They have double bonded oxygen at the end of a chain.  


Ketones


A keytone is a compound with the structure RC(=O)R', where R and R' can be a variety of atoms and groups of atoms.  Ketones differ from aldehydes in that the carbonyl is placed between two carbons instead at the end of a carbon.  


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