October, 15/10 - Separation of Mixtures and Solution.

The basis of separating mixtures is by separating different components with different properties form each other.
There are nine ways that we will be learning about how separation occurs when separating.


Hand Separation: Evaporation

• Hand separation (solid and solid)
• Mechanical mixtures separated by using magnets or sieves.
• Evaporation
• Boiling the liquid to leave the desired solid.

Filteration

• This method can be used when the solid is not dissolved in the water.
• The mixture passes through the filter and and the solids are stopped by the pores of the filter if the particles are too big to fit through.
• If the pores are bigger than the particles, the particles will pass.

Crystallization

• Precipation in crystallization converts solutes to solid form by chemical or physical change.
• Solids than separate by filteration or floatation. Floatation is when the denser components sink to the bottom.
• Evaporate and then cool and you will get the desired component(s).

Gravity Separation

• Separates particles by density.
• Heavy particles will sink to the bottom. The light particles will rise to the top.

Solvent Extraction

• A component will move into a a solvent and is shaken with mixtures.
• When dealing with mecahnical mixtures ( solid and solid), liquid will be used to dissolve one component.
• When dealing with solutions, the use of liquid will dissolve one or more substance until it leaves the wanted substances all by itself.

Distillation
(liquid and liquid solution)

• Using the boiling method, the liquid with the lowest boiling point will rise and condense first. Then it cools and drops into another container as pure. This may also leave the other substance as pure.

Chromatography

• Sweeping the mixtures, compounds that are heavier will slow down at a point to come to a gradual stop.
• This is a very good method for separating complex mixtures like drugs.
• The separated components can be collected individually.

Sheet CHromatography

• Known as paper chromatography (pc)
• Stationary Phase - components that spent a long time in a place will soak into the paper, leaving spots in a phase more than others.
• The components appear at separate spots ajd spreads when dried (compenents can be collected).

Thin layer Chromatography (TLC)

• Stationary phase - A thin layer of absorbent is coated on a sheet of plastic or glass.
• Some compounds will bond to it stronger than others and will stay on the absorbent. When dried, it can also be collected.