-composed of 2 or more ions (oppositely charged)
-held together by electrostatic forces
-electrons are transfered from metal to non-metals
Writing and naming ionic compounds
To make an ionic compound, you need to combine a positive and a negative together/ a metal and non-metal.
Ex.
Na+ (positive) and Cl- (negative) make NaCl
If the charges are different, then you need more ions to balance it.
Ex.
Mg(+2) has a +2 charge, so you need two Cl- to balance it
The result would be MgCl2
Ex.
NaCl is composed of sodium and chlorine. Na is always 1+, and Cl is always 1-. Add the charges of the positive ions, and separately add the charges of the negative ions. Each will equal the other.
Look at CaCl2, for example. Ca always has a charge of 2+. Cl again is always 1-. You need two Cl and one Ca to make a neutral formula. Be sure to write the formula for the smallest whole-number ratio for each ion.
When writing the name for the formulas, you just add the prefix -ide to the end of the second element. So NaCl would be sodium chloride.
The rule is the same for polyatomic ions. Just put parenthesis around the polyatomic ion to remember that the entire group of atoms is the charge. For example, nitrate (NO3)-. the entire polyatomic ion is 1 negative charge. Or, phosphate, (PO4)-3. This means that the entire polyatomic ion is a 3 negative charge. When you combine it, use the same rule as if you were combining single ions together. For example: NaNO3 or Na3PO4
When writing out the names of multivalent elements, you use roman numerals after the name.
Ex.
FeO = Iron(II) Oxide
Covalent Compounds
-share electrons
-non-metals with non-metals
-diatomic molecules= H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, I2, Br2
Writing and naming covalent compounds
To make a covalent compound, usually you need a negative and a negative together/ a non-metal and non-metal. Writing covalent compounds is the exact same as writing ionic compounds.
When writing the names of the covalent compounds, you must use greek prefixes.
Ex.
CO2 = Carbon Dioxide
*note* if only one of the element is needed in a covalent compound, the prefix mono is not needed, but it is needed on the second element.
CO = Carbon Monoxide
Ionic and Covalent Bonding video
-non-metals with non-metals
-diatomic molecules= H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, I2, Br2
Writing and naming covalent compoundsTo make a covalent compound, usually you need a negative and a negative together/ a non-metal and non-metal. Writing covalent compounds is the exact same as writing ionic compounds.
When writing the names of the covalent compounds, you must use greek prefixes.
Ex.
CO2 = Carbon Dioxide
*note* if only one of the element is needed in a covalent compound, the prefix mono is not needed, but it is needed on the second element.
CO = Carbon Monoxide
Ionic and Covalent Bonding video
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